Article

CJ’s (Selected) History of Variable Fonts and Related Technologies

CJ Dunn

Pre-VF Font Formats

What When/Where Who Reference
PostScript Type 1 c. 1982, 1984, ended support 2023-01 Adobe (John Warnock et al.) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PostScript_fonts
TrueType September 1989 Apple and Microsoft https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TrueType
Multiple Master (Adobe) 1989 demo, 1992 first release Myriad MM Adobe https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_master_fonts
TrueType GX c. 1994 Skia Apple https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickDraw_GX#TrueType_GX
OTF C. 2000 Adobe and Microsoft https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenType

Interpolation in Typeface Design

What When/Where Who Reference
Ikarus 1975, ATypI Warsaw URW, Peter Karow https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikarus_(typography_software)
Mutator 1993? Apple (Mike Reed, Tom Rickner)
Superpolator 2004 Erik van Blokland https://superpolator.com/

VF development (pre-announcement)

What When/Where Who Reference
Mutator Math open sourced 2014 ATypI Barcelona Erik van Blokland, paid for by Adobe https://github.com/LettError/MutatorMath
FontMake 2014 Google, Behdad Esfahbod et al. https://github.com/googlefonts/fontmake
Variable Fonts for Responsive Design**** 2015-01 Nick Sherman A List Apart
Informal talks about bringing GX Variations into OpenType 2015-10-15, ATypI São Paulo Behdad Esfahbod + others TypeDrawers comment
OpenType GX proposal 2016-02 Behdad Esfahbod, Google Google Doc
“OpenType GX: Bringing font variations to OpenType” 2016-05-10, Typolabs Berlin Behdad Esfahbod
Private meetings in California 2016 April, monthly until September Google, Apple, Adobe, Microsoft, Erik van Blokland + ?

VF public announcement and after

What When/Where Who Reference
OpenType 1.8 Announcement 2016-09-14, ATypI Warsaw Google, Apple, Adobe, Microsoft YouTube
Dunbar Tall N error release 2016-09-19
Dunbar released. The first retail variable font 2016-10-19
Dunbar release write up 2016-11-15 Axis-Praxis

Support

Web
WebKit Nightly Builds 2016-09-30
Safari Technology Preview 2016-10-12
Chrome Canary 2016-12-22
Firefox 2017-02
Edge (Windows 10 Anniversary Update) 2017-04-11
Desktop Apps I've used
Adobe Illustrator CC 2018
Adobe Photoshop CC 2018
Adobe InDesign CC 2020
Adobe After Effects CC 2026, Beta 26.0x40+
DrawBot 3.115+
Figma 114.4+

Additional Information

What When/Where Who Reference
A brief history of font compilers 2023-10-18 Rod Sheeter, Dave Crossland Github.com/GoogleFonts
Application Support Nick Sherman v-fonts.com/support
Browser Support, early 2017 2016 Laurence Penney Axis-Praxis
Side Note
*** 2013-07-19 One afternoon Nick Sherman and I started looking at making fonts that could work in a responsive web page, responding to viewport, etc. We made a shared Dropbox folder, date created is Jul 19, 2013. I didn't get very far but I started looking at a geometric sans with different x-heights and descender lengths related to column width and leading.